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Core
Transmission mode
Signal key● ·Fading bit · weak signal×Missing bit · data lost↦Late arrival · skew⇢⇠Nearby wires · crosstalk◉Motor field · interference
Qualitative copper-link model; bench units are not cable specifications. Braiding and faults are simplified. Simplex and full-duplex are shown; checking allows one resend, with no ACK timeout. Half-duplex scheduling, USB and checksums are not modelled.